Class 10 Economics (214) Solved Free Assignment 2024-25 (NIOS)

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a). “Economic facts and figures are called Positive Economics where as Normative Economics deals with “What ought to be.” Explain the statement with appropriate examples. (See Lesson – 1)

Ans:- Positive Economics focuses on objective, data-driven facts, describing “what is.” For example, stating that "India’s inflation rate is 6%" is positive economics because it’s based on measurable data. Normative Economics, on the other hand, involves value judgments about “what ought to be.” For example, saying “The government should reduce taxes to improve economic growth” is normative, as it reflects opinions on policy direction rather than measurable facts.

(b). “Establishments of metro train network is the reflection of expansion and changes of wants.” Justify the statement. (See Lesson – 2)

Ans:- The establishment of a metro train network illustrates how people’s wants evolve as society advances. Initially, basic transportation methods fulfilled needs, but with urbanization, there arose a desire for faster, more efficient, and eco-friendly transit options. The metro network addresses these modern demands, providing a solution to issues like traffic congestion and pollution, reflecting society’s shift towards improved convenience and sustainability in urban life.

2.  Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

(a) “How far Non-Economic factors are responsible for creating hurdles in the way of making the Indian Economy a developed economy.” Elaborate the statement. (See Lesson – 4)   

Ans:- Non-economic factors significantly hinder India’s progress toward becoming a developed economy. Factors like political instability, social inequality, and inadequate education impact economic growth by limiting access to opportunities and resources. Corruption can also reduce investor confidence, while social issues like caste discrimination and gender inequality prevent equal participation in the workforce. These factors collectively slow down progress, making it challenging for India to reach developed status despite its economic potential.

(b) Compare the basis of allocation of resources in the capitalist economic system and the planned economic system. (See Lesson5)

Ans:- In a **capitalist economic system**, resource allocation is guided by market forces like supply and demand. Private individuals and businesses make decisions based on profit motives, leading to competition and consumer-driven choices.

In contrast, a **planned economic system** relies on government control to allocate resources. The government decides what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce, aiming to meet collective needs rather than individual profit motives. This system seeks to reduce inequality but may lack efficiency due to limited consumer choice and bureaucratic control. 

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40 to 60 words.

(a) (i) Suppose you are a seller of apples and you have 100 kg of apples for sale. The market price is Rs 20 per kg. At this price, the demand for apples is only 60 kg. How will it affect the price of apples fixed by you? 

(ii) As in Question No. (i), if for Rs 20 per kg, the demand for apples is 150 kg. How will this affect the price of apples fixed by you? (See Lesson11)

Ans:- (i) If the demand for apples is only 60 kg at Rs 20 per kg, while I have 100 kg for sale, I will likely reduce the price to match the lower demand. Lowering the price could increase demand, helping me sell more apples and avoid excess stock.

(ii) If the demand for apples is 150 kg at Rs 20 per kg, I might increase the price, as there is excess demand. With more people wanting apples at this price, I could raise the price to maximize profits while balancing supply and demand.

(b) Distinguish between a monopoly market and a perfectly competitive market based on the following features - 

i. No. of buyers and sellers ii. Substitute goods, 

iii. Free entry and Exit and 

iv. Determination of price (See Lesson-12)

Ans:- Here’s a comparison between a monopoly market and a perfectly competitive market based on the given features:

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words. 

(a) Suggest some effective measures for Indian farmers to sell out their agricultural products at support price fixed by the Government to protect their interest against exploitation from food grain merchants. (See Lesson-13) 

Ans: - To ensure that Indian farmers receive the support price set by the government and protect themselves from exploitation by food grain merchants, several effective measures can be implemented:

1. **Strengthening Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure**: Establishing more *mandis* (markets) and improving existing ones can provide farmers with direct access to government-regulated markets. This reduces dependence on middlemen.

2. **Formation of Farmers' Cooperatives**: By forming cooperatives, farmers can collectively sell their products, thereby increasing bargaining power and ensuring that they get fair prices from merchants.

3. **Government Procurement Centers**: Expanding the network of government procurement centers can help farmers directly sell their produce at the support price, reducing the influence of private traders.

4. **Digital Platforms for Direct Sale**: Encouraging farmers to use digital platforms or mobile apps for direct selling can help them bypass middlemen and sell their produce at the government-fixed support price.

5. **Awareness Campaigns**: Educating farmers about their rights and the support price mechanism ensures they are not easily exploited by merchants.

These measures would empower farmers, help them access better prices, and reduce exploitation.

(b) You are suggested to visit the Commercial Bank, Branch Office in your locality. Meet with the Bank Executive officer of the branch and discuss the process of opening a savings Bank Account. Prepare a brief report based on the discussion. (See Lesson-16) 

Ans:- **Report on the Process of Opening a Savings Bank Account**

*Date: [Insert Date]*  

*Location: [Insert Bank Name], [Branch Address]*  

*Bank Executive Officer: [Insert Name of Officer]*

**Introduction**  

I visited the [Insert Bank Name] branch office in my locality to understand the process of opening a savings bank account. I met with the Branch Executive Officer, who explained the detailed steps and requirements.

**Procedure for Opening a Savings Bank Account**  

1. **Application Form**: The first step is to fill out the savings account application form available at the bank or online on the bank's website.

2. **KYC (Know Your Customer) Documents**: The following documents are required:

   - Proof of identity (e.g., Aadhaar card, passport, voter ID, etc.)

   - Proof of address (e.g., utility bill, passport, ration card, etc.)

   - Recent passport-sized photographs

3. **Initial Deposit**: An initial deposit is required to activate the account. The minimum amount varies depending on the bank’s policies.

4. **Verification**: After submitting the form and documents, the bank will verify the details. Some banks may require an in-person visit for verification.

5. **Account Activation**: Once the application is processed, the bank will issue a passbook or ATM card and provide the account number. The account will be activated, and the account holder can begin using the services.

6. **Other Services**: The officer also mentioned that banks offer additional services like internet banking, mobile banking, and checkbooks for savings account holders.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words. 

(a) “Online shopping is the outcome of the advancement of technology process whereby consumers are directly benefited in the competitive market by purchasing goods or services from sellers”. In light of the statement list out the advantages of online shopping. (See Lesson -16)

Ans:-  **Advantages of Online Shopping**

Online shopping has revolutionized the way consumers purchase goods and services, offering numerous benefits due to technological advancements. Here are some key advantages:

1. **Convenience**: Consumers can shop 24/7 from the comfort of their homes, avoiding the need to visit physical stores. This flexibility saves time and effort.

2. **Wide Selection**: Online platforms provide access to a vast range of products from different sellers, often with more variety than local stores.

3. **Competitive Prices**: Online retailers often offer better prices due to reduced overhead costs. Additionally, consumers can easily compare prices across different platforms to find the best deal.

4. **Home Delivery**: Purchased items are delivered directly to consumers' doorsteps, making the process even more convenient.

5. **Easy Return and Refund Policies**: Many online stores have flexible return and refund policies, ensuring that consumers are satisfied with their purchases.

6. **Customer Reviews**: Shoppers can make informed decisions by reading reviews from other buyers, adding transparency to the shopping experience.

These advantages highlight how online shopping benefits consumers in a competitive and technologically advanced market.

(b) “Establishment of Zamindary System by the British rule was used as an instrument to exploit the resources of Indian Economy for their own purposes”. Elaborate the statement. (See Lesson – 19)

Ans:- The **Zamindari System** introduced by the British during colonial rule was primarily designed to exploit India's resources for Britain's economic benefit. Under this system, zamindars (landlords) were appointed as intermediaries between the British government and the peasants. The key features of this system and its exploitative nature are as follows:

1. **High Revenue Demands**: The British imposed heavy land taxes on peasants, often exceeding their capacity to pay. Zamindars were responsible for collecting these taxes and were forced to meet fixed revenue targets, which were high and inflexible.

2. **Exploitation of Peasants**: While zamindars were required to pay taxes to the British, they exploited the peasants by extracting excessive rent and often resorted to cruel methods of debt collection, leaving peasants in constant poverty.

3. **Transfer of Wealth**: The revenue collected from India was remitted to Britain, transferring Indian wealth and resources to fuel British industrialization and colonial expansion, without any significant benefit to the local economy.

4. **Stagnation of Agriculture**: Since zamindars were only interested in maximizing immediate revenue, they had little incentive to invest in land improvement or sustainable agricultural practices. This led to the stagnation of Indian agriculture and made the economy more dependent on the exploitative colonial system.

In summary, the Zamindari System was a mechanism through which the British extracted wealth from India, perpetuating a cycle of poverty and economic underdevelopment.

6. Prepare any one project out of the topics given below

(a) Prepare a Project work on the topic “Promoting and providing Education” by the Government o Introduction and relevance of the topic.

o Objectives of the Project. 

o Scheme started by the Government. 

o Conclusion. (See Lesson – 21)   

Ans:- **Project on "Promoting and Providing Education by the Government"**

**Introduction and Relevance of the Topic**  

Education plays a crucial role in the development of a nation. It is the foundation for social and economic progress, as it empowers individuals, reduces inequality, and drives innovation. The government of India has made significant efforts to ensure that education is accessible to all, as part of its commitment to building a knowledge-based economy and fostering an informed, skilled, and productive workforce.

In India, the government has undertaken various initiatives to promote and provide education, focusing on eliminating illiteracy and ensuring that quality education reaches every section of society, including marginalized and rural populations. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that education is not only a fundamental right but also a key tool for achieving sustainable development and economic growth.

**Objectives of the Project**  

1. To examine the role of government in promoting education in India.

2. To explore the different schemes and programs initiated by the government to ensure universal access to education.

3. To assess the impact of government initiatives on improving literacy rates and educational infrastructure.

4. To understand the challenges faced in providing education to rural and disadvantaged communities.

5. To provide recommendations for improving the reach and quality of government education initiatives.

**Schemes Started by the Government**  

Several government schemes have been launched to promote and provide education in India, including:

1. **Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)**: Aimed at providing free and compulsory education to children between the ages of 6 and 14, this scheme has significantly contributed to increasing enrollment rates in schools across the country.

2. **Mid-Day Meal Scheme**: This program ensures that children from economically weaker sections receive nutritious meals in school, which not only improves their health but also incentivizes attendance.

3. **Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)**: Focused on improving access to secondary education, this initiative provides financial support for the expansion of schools and the development of infrastructure at the secondary level.

4. **Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Yojana**: This scheme promotes education for girls by encouraging their enrollment in schools and addressing issues of gender discrimination.

5. **National Means-cum-Merit Scholarship Scheme (NMMSS)**: Aimed at providing financial assistance to meritorious students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds to help them continue their education at the secondary level.

6. **Digital India Programme**: Focuses on integrating digital technology into education to improve learning outcomes, especially in rural and remote areas, by providing e-learning platforms and digital resources.

(b) Prepare a Project on Blood Donation Program in your nearby rural areas under the provision of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). Write down various steps to be taken to organize the program. (See Lesson - 21)

Ans:- **Project on Blood Donation Program in Rural Areas under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)**

**Introduction and Relevance of the Topic**  

Blood donation plays a vital role in saving lives, particularly in emergencies, surgeries, and for patients with chronic conditions. In rural areas, there is often a shortage of blood supply due to limited awareness, fewer blood donation drives, and less access to healthcare facilities. The **National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)**, which focuses on improving healthcare delivery in rural areas, can be instrumental in promoting blood donation and addressing the healthcare challenges faced by these regions.

The **blood donation program** aims to encourage voluntary donation of blood to ensure a consistent and adequate supply for rural healthcare centers, hospitals, and clinics. Such programs contribute significantly to the improvement of public health and help reduce mortality rates in rural India.

**Objectives of the Project**  

1. To raise awareness about the importance and need for voluntary blood donation in rural areas.

2. To organize and manage a blood donation drive under the provisions of NRHM.

3. To ensure that rural health centers have adequate and safe blood supply.

4. To educate the local population on the health benefits and safety of donating blood.

5. To promote the culture of voluntary, non-remunerated blood donation among the rural population.

**Steps to Organize the Blood Donation Program**  

To successfully organize a blood donation program in rural areas under the NRHM, the following steps should be taken:

1. **Community Awareness and Mobilization**  

   - **Conduct Awareness Campaigns**: Use local media, posters, pamphlets, and community meetings to educate the villagers about the importance of blood donation.

   - **Engage Local Leaders and Influencers**: Involve village panchayats, school teachers, religious leaders, and health workers to spread the message about the benefits of blood donation and the need for regular donations.

   - **Promote Voluntary Donation**: Emphasize that the program is based on voluntary donation and not paid donations, highlighting the importance of altruism in saving lives.

2. **Collaboration with Healthcare Facilities**  

   - **Partner with Blood Banks and Hospitals**: Coordinate with local hospitals, regional blood banks, and mobile blood collection units to facilitate the collection of blood.

   - **Involve NRHM**: Ensure that the blood donation drive is part of NRHM’s initiatives, utilizing its resources, healthcare workers, and infrastructure.

3. **Logistics and Infrastructure Setup**  

   - **Choose an Accessible Location**: Select a central and easily accessible venue such as a local school, community center, or Panchayat office.

   - **Ensure Safe Blood Collection Facilities**: Ensure the presence of proper medical staff, equipment, and sanitation measures to safely collect and store blood.

   - **Transportation of Blood**: Make arrangements for safe transportation of collected blood to the nearest regional blood bank or hospital for storage and use.

4. **Staffing and Training**  

   - **Train Volunteers and Health Workers**: Train local volunteers, health workers, and staff on how to manage the donation process, including donor registration, health screening, and the safe collection of blood.

   - **Ensure Medical Supervision**: Appoint doctors or trained medical personnel to conduct health checks on potential donors, ensuring they are fit for donation.

5. **Organize the Donation Drive**  

   - **Set a Date and Time**: Plan the donation drive during a time when the maximum number of people can participate, such as weekends or local festivals.

   - **Encourage Group Donations**: Encourage families, schools, and local organizations to participate collectively, which can help increase donation numbers.

   - **Provide Refreshments**: After donation, offer healthy snacks and drinks to the donors to help them recover and ensure their well-being.

6. **Monitoring and Documentation**  

   - **Record Donor Information**: Keep accurate records of donors, including their names, contact information, and health screenings to ensure the safety of the blood collected.

   - **Follow-up**: Track the health of donors post-donation, and ensure that they are able to donate blood in the future if eligible.

   - **Feedback**: Collect feedback from donors and volunteers to assess the success of the event and identify areas of improvement for future programs.

7. **Post-Donation Activities**  

   - **Thank and Acknowledge Donors**: Recognize and appreciate the donors through certificates or public acknowledgments to encourage future participation.

   - **Follow-up Blood Supply**: Ensure that the donated blood is properly stored and readily available for emergencies and medical use in rural health centers.