Class 10 Home Science (216) Solved Free Assignment 2024-25 (NIOS)

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

i. You are organising a family picnic. Using the four steps of management list the actions you will take. (See Lesson 14)  

Ans:-  To organize a family picnic, I’ll follow the four steps of management:

1. **Planning**: Choose a picnic date, location, and plan activities. Make a list of necessary items.

2. **Organizing**: Assign tasks, such as food preparation and transportation, to family members.

3. **Leading**: Encourage everyone to participate and coordinate their roles.

4. **Controlling**: Check that all arrangements are on track and ensure the event goes smoothly.

ii. Outline resource management steps for a home renovation project, considering human and non-human resources. (See Lesson 14)

Ans:-  For a home renovation project, effective resource management involves the following steps:

1. **Planning**: Identify renovation goals and create a budget. Make a list of required human resources (e.g., contractors, designers) and non-human resources (e.g., materials, tools).

  

2. **Organizing**: Hire skilled professionals, purchase materials, and arrange necessary permits and equipment.

3. **Directing**: Communicate with the team, provide clear instructions, and ensure everyone understands the project timeline and quality expectations.

4. **Controlling**: Monitor progress, adjust the budget or timeline as needed, and ensure quality standards are met. Regularly check resources to avoid delays and stay on track.

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

i. Your family member has suffered a burn injury while cooking. Describe the immediate steps you would take to provide first aid and prevent further complications. (See Lesson 13).

Ans:-  If a family member suffers a burn injury while cooking, I would take these immediate steps:

1. **Cool the Burn**: Run cool (not cold) water over the burn for 10-15 minutes to reduce pain and swelling.

2. **Cover the Burn**: Gently cover the area with a clean, non-stick bandage to prevent infection.

3. **Avoid Creams or Ice**: Don’t apply creams, oils, or ice, as they can worsen the burn.

4. **Seek Medical Help**: If the burn is severe, contact a healthcare provider immediately.

ii. Seeing a broken electric wire in your home, explain the potential dangers associated with it. Outline what security steps you will take to address this threat. (See Lesson 13).

Ans:-  A broken electric wire in the home is dangerous, as it can cause electric shocks, fires, or even fatalities if touched or if it sparks. To address this safely:

1. **Turn Off the Power**: Immediately switch off the power supply from the main circuit breaker.

2. **Keep Away**: Ensure everyone stays clear of the area to prevent accidental contact.

3. **Call a Professional**: Contact a licensed electrician to inspect and repair the wire.

4. **Warn and Mark**: Mark the area as hazardous and warn family members until the wire is safely repaired.

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

i. List activities that can promote gross motor development in young children. (See Lesson 18).

Ans:-  Activities that promote gross motor development in young children include:

1. **Running and Jumping**: Helps strengthen leg muscles and improves coordination.

2. **Climbing**: Builds upper body strength and balance.

3. **Dancing**: Enhances flexibility, rhythm, and body awareness.

4. **Riding a Tricycle**: Develops leg muscles and coordination.

5. **Ball Games**: Catching, throwing, or kicking a ball improves hand-eye coordination and overall motor skills.

ii. How can parents promote fine motor development in their young children? (See Lesson 18).

Ans:- Parents can promote fine motor development in young children through activities that encourage hand and finger strength, such as:

1. **Drawing and Coloring**: Helps with grip control and precision.

2. **Building with Blocks**: Enhances hand-eye coordination and grasping skills.

3. **Playing with Clay or Playdough**: Strengthens hand muscles through molding and shaping.

4. **Buttoning and Zipping**: Improves finger dexterity and coordination.

5. **Using Scissors**: Under supervision, cutting paper builds hand control and accuracy. 

These activities support the development of skills needed for writing and other detailed tasks.

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.

i. You believe in the saying ‘Health is Wealth’. Define “Health” and list 4 common practices to maintain good health. (See Lesson 7) 

Ans:-  "Health" refers to a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of illness or disease. Good health enables individuals to perform daily activities effectively, enjoy a better quality of life, and reduce the risk of various ailments.

Here are four common practices to maintain good health:

1. **Balanced Diet**: Eating a variety of nutrient-rich foods provides the body with essential vitamins and minerals, strengthening immunity and supporting bodily functions.

  

2. **Regular Exercise**: Engaging in physical activities like walking, running, or yoga helps maintain a healthy weight, strengthens muscles, and boosts cardiovascular health.

3. **Adequate Sleep**: Quality sleep is vital for physical and mental recovery, improving concentration, mood, and immune function.

4. **Stress Management**: Practicing mindfulness, meditation, or hobbies helps reduce stress, which can protect against chronic conditions like hypertension.

By following these habits, individuals can cultivate lasting health and enhance their overall well-being.

ii. List 4 key messages for a health awareness campaign related to personal and community health, and explain why each message is crucial. (See Lesson 7)

Ans:-  Here are four key messages for a health awareness campaign focused on personal and community health:

1. **"Wash Hands Regularly"**: Handwashing with soap helps prevent the spread of germs and infections, protecting both individuals and the community from illnesses like colds, flu, and other contagious diseases.

2. **"Eat a Balanced Diet"**: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins provides essential nutrients, boosts immunity, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases, promoting long-term health for individuals and families.

3. **"Exercise Regularly"**: Physical activity enhances physical and mental health, reducing the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, and helps build a healthier community through active lifestyles.

4. **"Get Regular Health Check-ups"**: Routine check-ups can detect health issues early, allowing for timely intervention and management, which is essential for preventing serious illnesses and maintaining public health.

Each message is crucial as it encourages behaviors that support both individual well-being and the overall health of the community.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.

i. You run a business that sells handloom fabrics. What types of yarns and weaves do you sell? Also, what are the characteristics of various fibres and fabrics that influence customer choices? (See Lesson 10)

Ans:- In my handloom fabric business, we sell a variety of yarns and weaves to suit different tastes and needs. 

**Types of Yarns**:

1. **Cotton Yarn**: Known for being breathable and lightweight, making it ideal for warm climates.

2. **Silk Yarn**: Valued for its luxurious texture and natural sheen, often chosen for festive and formal attire.

3. **Linen Yarn**: A natural fiber that’s durable and cool, perfect for summer wear and casual looks.

4. **Wool Yarn**: Soft and warm, wool is popular for winter clothing and shawls.

**Types of Weaves**:

1. **Plain Weave**: Durable and suitable for everyday wear, often used for cotton and linen fabrics.

2. **Twill Weave**: Has a diagonal texture, adding strength and drape to fabrics like denim.

3. **Satin Weave**: Known for its smooth and shiny finish, used in silk to create elegant clothing.

4. **Jacquard Weave**: Complex patterns woven into the fabric, giving it a rich, decorative look.

**Characteristics of Fibers and Fabrics**:

- **Breathability**: Cotton and linen are preferred in hot climates as they allow air circulation.

- **Texture**: Silk's smoothness appeals to customers looking for luxury, while wool’s warmth is ideal for cold weather.

- **Durability**: Twill and plain weaves are long-lasting and suitable for frequent use.

  

These characteristics guide customers’ choices based on comfort, style, and functionality.

ii.Create a flowchart explaining the process of spinning using modern spinning machines. Also, explain each step to the production team. (See Lesson 10) 

Ans:-  Here's a flowchart explaining the process of spinning using modern spinning machines, along with an explanation for each step to guide the production team.

**Flowchart**: Raw Fiber ➔ Opening ➔ Carding ➔ Drawing ➔ Roving ➔ Spinning ➔ Winding ➔ Final Yarn

 Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. **Raw Fiber**: 

   - The process begins with raw fibers like cotton, wool, or synthetic fibers. These fibers are cleaned to remove impurities.

2. **Opening**:

   - Raw fibers are loosened and separated in an opening machine. This step breaks down large fiber clumps into smaller tufts, making them easier to process.

3. **Carding**:

   - Carding machines align the fibers and create a thin web, which is condensed into a continuous strand called a sliver. This step improves fiber alignment and removes any remaining impurities.

4. **Drawing**:

   - Multiple slivers are combined and stretched in a drawing machine to improve uniformity and alignment. This step creates a stronger, more even sliver for better yarn quality.

5. **Roving**:

   - The sliver is further drawn out and given a slight twist to form a roving. This step prepares the fibers for spinning by making the sliver thinner and adding strength.

6. **Spinning**:

   - The roving is spun on spinning machines, which twist the fibers tightly to form yarn. This twisting gives the yarn strength and consistency.

7. **Winding**:

   - Finally, the spun yarn is wound onto bobbins or spools for storage and further processing. Winding ensures the yarn is easy to handle in the next stages of fabric production.

Each step in this process is essential for producing high-quality yarn that is uniform, strong, and ready for weaving or knitting into fabric.

6. Prepare any one of the following projects in about 500 words.

i. Answer the following questions in detail.  

a. Select 10 different packaged food items. Identify the major food groups present in them. (See Lesson 2,3).

Ans:-   Project: Analysis of Packaged Food Items and Their Major Food Groups

In today's fast-paced world, packaged foods offer convenience and accessibility. However, it's essential to understand the nutritional composition of these foods, particularly the major food groups they contain. Here, I have selected ten different packaged food items and identified the primary food groups present in each.

 1. **Cereal (e.g., Cornflakes)**

   - **Major Food Groups**: Grains

   - **Description**: Cornflakes are made primarily from corn, making them a rich source of carbohydrates. They often contain added vitamins and minerals, contributing to their nutritional value.

 2. **Canned Beans (e.g., Kidney Beans)**

   - **Major Food Groups**: Legumes/Proteins

   - **Description**: Canned kidney beans are a good source of plant-based protein and dietary fiber. They are also rich in vitamins and minerals, such as iron and potassium.

 3. **Frozen Vegetables (e.g., Mixed Vegetables)**

   - **Major Food Groups**: Vegetables

   - **Description**: Frozen mixed vegetables typically include a variety of vegetables like carrots, peas, and corn. They are low in calories and high in essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

 4. **Packaged Snack Bars (e.g., Granola Bars)**

   - **Major Food Groups**: Grains, Fruits, Nuts

   - **Description**: Granola bars are often made from oats, nuts, and dried fruits. They provide a mix of carbohydrates, healthy fats, and proteins, along with fiber.

 5. **Yogurt (e.g., Greek Yogurt)**

   - **Major Food Groups**: Dairy, Protein

   - **Description**: Greek yogurt is high in protein and calcium, making it a valuable part of the dairy group. It also contains probiotics, which are beneficial for gut health.

 6. **Frozen Pizza**

   - **Major Food Groups**: Grains, Dairy, Vegetables, Proteins

   - **Description**: Frozen pizza typically contains a crust made from wheat flour (grains), cheese (dairy), various toppings like vegetables and meats (proteins), providing a balanced mix of food groups.

7. **Peanut Butter**

   - **Major Food Groups**: Protein, Fats

   - **Description**: Peanut butter is a rich source of plant-based protein and healthy fats. It also contains fiber and essential vitamins and minerals, making it a nutritious spread.

8. **Dried Fruit (e.g., Raisins)**

   - **Major Food Groups**: Fruits

   - **Description**: Dried fruits like raisins are concentrated sources of natural sugars, fiber, and various vitamins and minerals, particularly iron and potassium.

9. **Instant Oatmeal**

   - **Major Food Groups**: Grains

   - **Description**: Instant oatmeal is primarily made from oats, providing a quick source of carbohydrates and fiber. Some varieties are fortified with additional vitamins and minerals.

10. **Canned Soup (e.g., Tomato Soup)**

   - **Major Food Groups**: Vegetables, Grains (if it contains pasta)

   - **Description**: Canned tomato soup is mainly made from tomatoes (vegetables) and may contain added ingredients like pasta or rice (grains), providing a comforting and nutritious option.

b.Talk to your grandparents or elderly people in your neighbourhood and gather two nutritious recipes for pregnant women. Also, identify the major food groups present in them. (See Lesson 2,3)

Ans:-  Here are two nutritious recipes for pregnant women gathered from conversations with grandparents and elderly neighbors, along with an identification of the major food groups present in each.

 Recipe 1: Lentil and Spinach Soup

**Ingredients**:

- 1 cup lentils (red or green)

- 2 cups fresh spinach, chopped

- 1 medium onion, chopped

- 2 cloves garlic, minced

- 1 carrot, diced

- 1 teaspoon cumin

- 4 cups vegetable or chicken broth

- Salt and pepper to taste

- 1 tablespoon olive oil

**Instructions**:

1. Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add chopped onions and minced garlic, sautéing until softened.

2. Add diced carrots and cook for an additional 5 minutes.

3. Stir in the lentils, cumin, and broth. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer for about 20-25 minutes, or until lentils are tender.

4. Add chopped spinach, season with salt and pepper, and cook for another 5 minutes until the spinach is wilted.

5. Serve warm.

**Major Food Groups**:

- **Proteins**: Lentils provide plant-based protein essential for the growth of the baby and maintaining the mother's health.

- **Vegetables**: Spinach and carrots are rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber, supporting overall health and digestion.

- **Fats**: Olive oil adds healthy fats, which are important for brain development in the fetus.

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 Recipe 2: Quinoa and Chickpea Salad

**Ingredients**:

- 1 cup quinoa, rinsed

- 1 can (15 oz) chickpeas, drained and rinsed

- 1 cup cherry tomatoes, halved

- 1 cucumber, diced

- 1 bell pepper, diced

- ¼ cup red onion, finely chopped

- 2 tablespoons lemon juice

- 2 tablespoons olive oil

- Salt and pepper to taste

- Fresh parsley for garnish

**Instructions**:

1. Cook quinoa according to package instructions and let it cool.

2. In a large bowl, combine cooked quinoa, chickpeas, cherry tomatoes, cucumber, bell pepper, and red onion.

3. In a small bowl, whisk together lemon juice, olive oil, salt, and pepper.

4. Pour the dressing over the salad and toss to combine.

5. Garnish with fresh parsley and serve chilled or at room temperature.

**Major Food Groups**:

- **Grains**: Quinoa is a whole grain that provides carbohydrates and fiber, essential for energy and digestive health.

- **Proteins**: Chickpeas are a great source of plant-based protein and fiber, beneficial for satiety and overall nutrition.

- **Vegetables**: The salad contains a variety of vegetables, adding vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support both the mother and baby's health.

- **Fats**: Olive oil provides healthy fats necessary for hormone production and nutrient absorption.

ii. Answer the following questions by observing your family.

a. How does age affect meal planning? Provide examples of how various age groups need different nutrients. (See Lesson 2,3) 

Ans:-  Age significantly influences meal planning, as different life stages have varying nutritional needs to support growth, development, and overall health. Observing my family, here are some examples of how various age groups require different nutrients:

1. **Infants (0-1 year)**

   - **Nutritional Needs**: Infants primarily need breast milk or formula, which provide the essential nutrients for growth and development, including protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.

   - **Example**: Foods are typically introduced gradually, starting with pureed fruits and vegetables. Iron-fortified cereals are introduced around six months to ensure adequate iron intake.

2. **Toddlers (1-3 years)**

   - **Nutritional Needs**: Toddlers require higher amounts of fats for brain development and a balanced intake of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

   - **Example**: Meals may include whole milk, soft fruits, and vegetables, as well as proteins like eggs or yogurt, ensuring a variety of textures and flavors to encourage healthy eating habits.

3. **Children (4-12 years)**

   - **Nutritional Needs**: Children need a balanced diet rich in calcium, iron, vitamins, and fiber to support their rapid growth and active lifestyles.

   - **Example**: Meal planning may focus on whole grains, lean meats, dairy, fruits, and vegetables. For instance, a balanced lunch might include a turkey sandwich on whole-grain bread, carrot sticks, and a piece of fruit.

 4. **Adolescents (13-18 years)**

   - **Nutritional Needs**: Teens require higher amounts of calories, proteins, iron, calcium, and vitamins to support growth spurts, muscle development, and hormonal changes.

   - **Example**: Meals might include foods like lean meats, whole grains, dairy products, and a variety of fruits and vegetables. For example, a hearty dinner could consist of grilled chicken, brown rice, steamed broccoli, and a side salad.

 5. **Adults (19-64 years)**

   - **Nutritional Needs**: Adults should focus on maintaining a balanced diet that supports overall health, including adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.

   - **Example**: Meal planning may include a mix of whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats (like avocados or nuts), and plenty of fruits and vegetables. A typical meal might be a quinoa salad with chickpeas, mixed greens, and olive oil dressing.

 6. **Seniors (65 years and older)**

   - **Nutritional Needs**: Seniors often require fewer calories but need higher levels of certain nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D, fiber, and B vitamins, to support bone health, prevent constipation, and maintain energy levels.

   - **Example**: Meals should be nutrient-dense, such as oatmeal with berries and nuts for breakfast, or a vegetable-rich soup with whole-grain bread for lunch, ensuring hydration and easy-to-chew options.

b. Create a one-day low-cost meal plan without compromising nutrition. (See Lesson 2,3)

Ans:-  Here’s a one-day low-cost meal plan that ensures nutritional balance without compromising health. Each meal includes affordable ingredients that are rich in essential nutrients.

 One-Day Low-Cost Meal Plan

 Breakfast: Oatmeal with Banana and Peanut Butter

- **Ingredients**:

  - 1 cup rolled oats

  - 2 cups water or milk (for cooking)

  - 1 banana, sliced

  - 1 tablespoon peanut butter

  - 1 teaspoon honey (optional)

- **Preparation**:

  1. Cook the oats in water or milk according to package instructions.

  2. Top with sliced banana, peanut butter, and a drizzle of honey if desired.

- **Nutritional Highlights**:

  - **Oats**: Provide complex carbohydrates and fiber.

  - **Banana**: Rich in potassium and vitamins.

  - **Peanut Butter**: Source of healthy fats and protein.

 Mid-Morning Snack: Apple and Yogurt

- **Ingredients**:

  - 1 medium apple

  - ½ cup plain yogurt

- **Preparation**:

  1. Slice the apple and serve with yogurt for dipping.

- **Nutritional Highlights**:

  - **Apple**: Offers fiber and vitamin C.

  - **Yogurt**: Provides protein and probiotics for gut health.

 Lunch: Lentil and Vegetable Soup

- **Ingredients**:

  - 1 cup lentils (dry)

  - 1 medium onion, chopped

  - 2 carrots, diced

  - 2 celery stalks, diced

  - 2 cloves garlic, minced

  - 4 cups vegetable broth or water

  - Salt and pepper to taste

  - 1 tablespoon olive oil

- **Preparation**:

  1. In a pot, heat olive oil and sauté onion, garlic, carrots, and celery until soft.

  2. Add lentils and broth/water. Bring to a boil, then simmer for about 30-40 minutes until lentils are tender.

  3. Season with salt and pepper.

- **Nutritional Highlights**:

  - **Lentils**: Excellent source of protein and fiber.

  - **Vegetables**: Provide vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

 Afternoon Snack: Carrot Sticks with Hummus

- **Ingredients**:

  - 2 medium carrots, cut into sticks

  - ¼ cup hummus (store-bought or homemade)

- **Preparation**:

  1. Serve carrot sticks with hummus for dipping.

- **Nutritional Highlights**:

  - **Carrots**: High in beta-carotene (vitamin A) and fiber.

  - **Hummus**: Provides protein and healthy fats from chickpeas and tahini.

 Dinner: Brown Rice with Stir-Fried Vegetables and Egg

- **Ingredients**:

  - 1 cup brown rice (uncooked)

  - 2 cups mixed vegetables (frozen or fresh, such as bell peppers, broccoli, and peas)

  - 2 eggs

  - Soy sauce or seasoning of choice

- **Preparation**:

  1. Cook brown rice according to package instructions.

  2. In a pan, stir-fry mixed vegetables until tender. Push to one side, scramble the eggs on the other side until cooked.

  3. Mix everything together, adding soy sauce or seasoning to taste.

- **Nutritional Highlights**:

  - **Brown Rice**: Whole grain providing fiber and energy.

  - **Eggs**: High-quality protein source and essential nutrients.

  - **Vegetables**: Rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

 Summary

This low-cost meal plan provides balanced nutrition through a variety of food groups, including whole grains, fruits, vegetables, proteins, and healthy fats. By using affordable ingredients like oats, lentils, and seasonal vegetables, individuals can enjoy satisfying meals that support overall health without exceeding a budget.